Educational Psychology Pretest

Vygotsy's "Zone of Proximal Development" refers to:
1. How close a teacher should stand to a student
2. A person's ability to know how much they know
3. How much someone can accomplish with help
4. How much someone can accomplish without help
When behavorists describe a learner as a "black box" they mean:
1. Educational methods have no impact on the learner
2. No learning is occuring
3. Events occurring within the learner cannot be studied scientifically
4. A learner makes many reponses in the absence of any oserved external stimulus
Roger is shown two piles of sand and says that each pile has the same amount. However, when one pile is flattened with a shovel, he now claims emphatically that the flattened pile has less sand. Based on this infrmation, Roger is probably in which of Piaget's stages of development?
1. concrete operations
2. sensorimotor
3. formal operations
4. preoperational
An explanation of how we remember things that we have learned is called a
1. Correlation
2. Construct
3. Theory
4. Principle
Findings considered statistically unlikely to have occurred by chance are described as __________.
1. powerful
2. significant
3. probable
4. regular
Whenever Chris doesn't do his homework, he has to sit in the corner. This is an example of
1. Positive reinforcement
2. Negative reinforcement
3. Extinction
4. Punishment
Which is an example of negative reinforcement
1. Getting something that someone likes
2. Getting rid of something someone doesn't like
3. Punishing someone
4. Reinforcing an undesirable behavior
Which statement is true regarding social cognitive theorists view of allowing students to fail at classroom tasks?
1. Students should be allowed to fail. Self-efficacy is highest when students fail at a task multiple times before accomplishing it successfully.
2. Students should be allowed to fail. Occasionaly failures intserpersed among frquent successes teach students that perserverece pays off.
3. Students should not be allowed to fail. Failure gives studetnst the message that school is not an enjoyable place to be
4. Students should not be allowed to fail. Even a single falulre can deflate student's self-efficacy